This commit broke PHP 5.2.*. With it there's no output after the ob_flush(). But without it the installer works normally.
I tried upgrading to 5.3.2-1ubuntu4 which made the problem go away, but 5.2.10-2ubuntu6 remains broken.
I tried twiddling around how flushing was done (see the ob_flush docs), e.g. calling ob_end_flush() before, or ob_start() after. None of the stuff I tried worked.
I'm running apache with output_buffering = Off. Setting that to 4096 also makes the problem go away on 5.2. Maybe we should just check whether output_buffering is turned on before calling ob_flush? But then again nothing else in MediaWiki calls it, so I thought I'd ask why it's needed in the first place.
output_buffering = Off
4096
Without the ob_flush(), I wasn't getting output flushed to the browser on each call (I was on 5.3.2 as well, I believe). I don't remember what my output_buffering was set to at the time. But ob_flush() made it work, I swear :)
Other combinations of ob_end_flush/ob_start/etc didn't seem to work, like you said.
Maybe just revert for now?